Smallest Country in Europe: 11 Tiniest European Countries

Europe is a continent known for its diverse cultures and countries, with each nation having its own unique history and identity.

But did you know that Europe is also home to some of the smallest countries in the world?

From Vatican City – the smallest independent state in the world – to Liechtenstein, Europe has 11 tiny nations that are often overlooked by visitors.

Each one offers something special, from stunning architecture to rich culture and cuisine. Whether you’re looking for a weekend getaway or an off-the-beaten-track destination, these tiny European countries offer plenty of surprises!

And the smallest country in Europe is….. The Vatican City.

The Smallest Countries in Europe

Vatican City

A birds eye view of Vatican City

Size: 0.44㎢
Capital city: Vatican City
Population: 825

Vatican City, the world’s smallest country by size and population, is situated within Rome and serves as the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.

It is home to the Pope, who is its head of state, making it a unique destination for both spiritual seekers and tourists alike.

With its rich history and cultural heritage, Vatican City offers visitors much more than just a glimpse into religious life – it also boasts some interesting quirks that make it truly one-of-a-kind. From Latin ATM machines to earning most of its income from the sale of postage stamps.

Best time to go to the Vatican City

The Vatican City can be visited year-round. However, it is generally less crowded in the off-season between October and April, so this may be an ideal time to go if you want to avoid lines.

On the other hand, during peak seasons there are more events such as public masses or concerts that can be worth attending, even if you have to wait in line.

A good strategy is to visit on a Tuesday or Thursday afternoon.

This way, you will be able to take advantage of the quietest time, avoid the biggest crowds, and still get the chance to explore some of its most spectacular sites, like St. Peter’s Basilica and Sistine Chapel.

No matter which time of the year you decide to visit, it’s important to budget at least four hours for your trip.

The Vatican City is a large complex with many fascinating places to explore and treasures to discover.

So make sure you give yourself enough time to fully absorb its beauty and history and don’t rush your visit.

What to do in the Vatican City

If you’re planning to visit the Vatican City, here are some must-see attractions that you won’t want to miss.

First, make sure to stop by St. Peter’s Basilica and take in the stunning architecture and artwork inside. Take some time to enjoy the majestic Square outside and behold the impressive fountains and obelisks.

The Vatican Museums are also a must-see for art lovers; you can explore rooms of sculptures and masterpieces, including Michelangelo’s famous La Pieta.

Don’t forget to check out the impressive Cupola di San Pietro and Sistine Chapel as well.

Take a stroll through the Vatican Necropolis and explore the ancient tombs of past Popes or take some time to relax in the beautiful Vatican Gardens.

Things you may not know about Vatican City

There are some facts about this tiny country that you may not know. From its unique currency to its zero birth rate, here are some interesting things about Vatican City that will surprise you!

Did you know that the Vatican mints its own Euro coins?

It produces coins with unique designs and values, separate from those of Italy and other countries in the euro zone.

The Vatican also prints its own stamps, issues passports and even has its own flag and national anthem!

Unlike most countries, citizenship in the Vatican City is not acquired by birthright.

It’s the only country in the world with zero birth rate – no one is born in Vatican City! Instead, citizenship is granted to individuals who have a job within the city-state or are invited by the pope.

Monaco

A view of Monaco from the Monte Carlo casino.

Size: 2.02㎢
Capital city: Monaco
Population: 38,362

Monaco is the second smallest country in Europe and one of the wealthiest.

Located on the French Riviera, this sovereign city-state has a population of 38,362 people spread across an area of 2.02㎢.

Monaco is renowned for its casinos, wealth, and hosting the Grand Prix race every year.

It also has some unique features that make it stand out from other countries around the world – boasting one of the highest population densities in Europe at 26,523 people per square kilometer as well as having one of the lowest unemployment rates (3.6%) and poverty rates worldwide!

Tourism plays a major role in driving Monaco’s economy forward each year, making it a popular destination for travelers all over the globe.

Best time to go to Monaco

If you are Grand Prix fan May is the best time to visit Monaco. This year the Grand Prix is on the 28th of May.

Don’t care about the Grand Prix? The shoulder seasons are the best time to visit Monaco.

In April and October the weather is lovely but there are less tourists which makes tours and hotels much cheaper.

What to do in Monaco

There’s no shortage of things to do in Monaco – from exploring its lush gardens, admiring its stunning architecture, or watching the rich and famous come out to play at Monte Carlo Casino.

Some other things to do in Monaco:

  • Monaco Cathedral
  • Explore Jardin Exotique
  • Tour the Palais du Prince
  • Admire the fancy yachts

Things you may not know about Monaco

Nestled between France and Italy, Monaco is a small Mediterranean principality that has become an international destination for the wealthy.

Monaco boasts one of the highest GDP per capita in Europe at over $120,000 USD! This means that 1 out of every 3 people living in Monaco is a millionaire!

As well as being known as a playground for millionaires and billionaires alike, many celebrities also choose to make Monaco their tax haven due to its lenient fiscal policies surrounding taxation on wealth and income.

San Marino

The stone steeps and pathway leading to Titin's castle on a hill over looking San Marino

Size: 61㎢
Capital city: The City of San Marino
Population: 33,745

San Marino is the third smallest country in Europe and one of the oldest republics in the world.

The capital city is located on the slopes of Monte Titano, it is surrounded by a beautiful Italian landscape and listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It was founded on September 3rd 301 AD but not recognized by the Pope as an independent state until 1631.

San Marino has many attractions for tourists to explore including its walled old town, Castello della Cesta, green landscapes, outstanding views and amazing food!

Best time to go to San Marino

Summer months are typically the most popular time to visit San Marino, as the days are very warm and the nights are light.

However for those wanting to experience a more temperate climate, visiting in the months either side of summer is perfect.

You’ll still get plenty of warm sunshine but without the scorching heat!

If you’re looking for a truly unique experience then why not plan your visit around San Marino Day?

Held on the 3rd of September each year, this special celebration marks the founding of San Marino and is packed with activities such as crossbow competitions, flag waving events and a beautiful military concert.

The day ends with an amazing fireworks display, making it the perfect way to experience San Marino at its best.

What to do in San Marino

One of the main things to do in San Marino is hiking! This small European nation has 78 hiking routes to choose from.

So, pull on your hiking boots and take in some of the best views in the country.

If hiking is not your thing, some other things to do include:

  • Rocca Guaita (Fortress Guaita)
  • Monte Titano
  • Palazzo Pubblico
  • Basilica di San Marino
  • Day trip to Riviera Romagnola beaches
  • Visit the museums

Things you may not know about San Marino

San Marino, located on the hilltop of Monte Titanos in Italy, is often overlooked as one of the most underrated countries in Europe.

San Marino has its own currency (the Euro), stamps that can be collected for your passport, and some amazing views of the countryside.

Liechtenstein

Vaduz Castle in Liechtenstein on surrounded by snowy mountains

Size: 160㎢
Capital city: Vaduz
Population: 38,410

Liechtenstein is a small alpine country located in the heart of Europe, surrounded by Switzerland and Austria.

Although it’s one of the smallest countries in the world, with an area of only 160 square kilometers and a population of 38,410 people, Liechtenstein has plenty to offer visitors.

From its stunning snow-capped mountains to its 12th century castle and modern art museum in Vaduz, there are many attractions for those looking for an exciting vacation destination.

But that’s not all; Liechtenstein is also known as a tax haven, making it attractive to businesses seeking to reduce their taxes.

There are actually more registered businesses in Liechtenstein than there are citizens!

And with numerous hiking trails and wildlife preserves scattered throughout the countryside, this tiny nation offers something for everyone!

Best time to go to Liechtenstein

The best time to visit Liechtenstein depends on the type of activities you are interested in.

If you enjoy hiking then you will want to visit in Spring or Summer to enjoy the many hiking trails on offer and to see what wildlife you can observe.

However, if snow sports are more up your alley, then you will want to visit in winter to enjoy all the skiing and snowboarding

What to do in Liechtenstein

Due to Liechtenstein’s location in the alps the main activities that come to mind are hiking and skiing/snowboarding.

Although very popular these are not the only things Liechtenstein has to offer:

  • Liechtenstein Center
  • Vaduz Castle
  • Liechtenstein National Museum
  • Hofkellerei of the Prince of Liechtenstein
  • Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein

Things you may not know about Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein has the distinction of being double landlocked – meaning you have to pass through two countries before you reach the sea.

This makes it a unique and interesting destination for those who enjoy visiting off-the-beaten-track locations.

It has one of the highest GDPs in the world, despite having a population of less than 40,000 people.

This wasn’t always the case though – after World War II Liechtenstein had to sell one of Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings (the “Ginevra de Benci”) to pay their bills.

Liechtenstein is also the only country entirely located in the Alps, making it a great place for skiing and other winter sports.

But summertime is just as enjoyable here – with many hiking trails, beautiful villages to explore and stunning mountain views.

The Republic of Malta

Colourful boats floating in the water in Malta

Size: 316㎢
Capital city: Valletta
Population: 518,536

The Republic of Malta is a small, yet beautiful and captivating island nation located in the Mediterranean Sea between Sicily and the North African Coast.

With 316㎢ of land and 518,536 inhabitants, it is the fifth smallest country in Europe but it boasts a rich culture and history that has made it an important naval base throughout its existence.

The official language is Maltese and visitors from all over can enjoy its crystal blue waters with clean beaches, incredible food, and numerous prehistoric sites including Ġgantija megalithic temple complex and Hypogeum labyrinth of Neolithic underground chambers located in Paola.

Best time to go to Malta

Malta is quickly gaining popularity among European and international travellers. Summer is the best most popular time to visit Malta to enjoy the warm weather and the beautiful beaches.

To miss the crowds but still enjoy some warm weather visit Malta in October.

What to do in Malta

Game of Throne fans must visit Mdina Gate (King’s Landing) and Fort Ricasoli (Red Keep Gate in King’s Landing).

If film locations aren’t your jam, you will appreciate visiting these top spots:

  • Visit the old capital of Mdina
  • Explore the Blue Grotto
  • Enjoy the views from views from Upper Barrakka Gardens
  • Suba dive the wreck of HMS Maori
  • Explore Fort St Elmo

Things you may not know about Malta

Malta is an island nation located in the Mediterranean Sea, but there are a lot of things about it that people may not know.

With its rich history dating back over 17,000 years ago when it was part of mainland Europe and its two official languages being Maltese and English, Malta has plenty to offer.

But what you may not know is that this small country has some incredible archaeological sites which date back even further than the pyramids in Egypt!

The Megalithic temples that still exist today are an incredible sight to behold and a must-see when visiting Malta.

Andorra

A stone house in the mountains in Andorra

Size: 468㎢
Capital city: Andorra la Vella
Population: 79,034

Perched in the Pyrenees mountains between Spain and France, Andorra is a tiny country that packs a big punch.

With its stunning mountain scenery, world-class ski resorts, and unique co-principality status – not to mention its cheap cigarettes, alcohol and electronics – it’s no wonder this small nation attracts millions of visitors every year.

From snow bunnies looking for fresh powder to history buffs captivated by its Romanesque architecture, there’s something for everyone in Andorra.

Best time to go to Andorra

If you are planning on skiing in the Pyrenees you will want to Andorra from November – February.

Otherwise, May until September is the best time to visit Andorra to make the most of the Mediterranean weather.

What to do in Andorra

In winter there are so many opportunities to participate in winter sports and in summer you can go hiking.

A few other things you will want to consider doing are:

  • La Casa de la Vall
  • Sant Joan de Caselles Church
  • Caldea
  • Postal Museum
  • La Cortinada and the Church of Sant Martí

Things you may not know about Andorra

Andorra is the only country in the world to have a co-principality. This means that it doesn’t have a King but a prince, in fact, it has two Princes.

One is Emmanuel Macron who is the President of France and the other is Joan Enric Vives Sicília, the Bishop of Urgell.

Andorra’s capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe. It sits at 1,023 meters above sea level.

Andorra is another small country that is considered to be a tax haven this sees people from Spain and France come to Andorra to do their shopping.

Luxembourg

The river running through the city in Luxembourg

Size: 2,856㎢
Capital city: Luxembourg-City (Lëtzebuerg)
Population: 640,064

When you think of European countries, Luxembourg is not one that immediately comes to mind.

This small, landlocked country in the heart of Europe has a lot more going for it than meets the eye!

With its rolling hills and countryside, vibrant capital city, and diverse population, this Grand Duchy offers something for everyone.

From hiking trails to wineries and castles to explore, Luxembourg is becoming an increasingly popular destination for travelers seeking an authentic European experience.

Best time to go to Luxembourg

The best time to visit Luxembourg is from May until September. The weather is at it’s best which allows you to make the most of all Luxembourg has to offer.

What to do in Luxembourg

One of the best things to do in Luxembourg is to enjoy the Medieval castles including the scenic fairytale medieval castle at Vianden.

For a country so small there are a surprising number of things to do including:

  • Enjoying a drink at the various vineyards and breweries
  • Taking a stroll in the nature parks
  • Enjoying the rocky gorges of the Mullerthal region
  • Taking in the calm at the Moselle river valley
  • Breaking in the fresh air on many hiking and biking trails

Things you may not know about Luxembourg

Did you know that Luxembourg is the last remaining grand duchy in the world?

This means that it is not part of a monarchy (like a kingdom) but instead has its own hereditary ruling family, the Grand Duke and Duchess.

The country also has its own language called Luxembourgish, which 77% of the population speak, French is almost a main language.

Luxembourg is home to a lot of international talent, with more than 58% of the population aged between 15 and 74 were not born in Luxembourg!

You can drive from North to South in just two hours – meaning you can easily explore all that Luxembourg has to offer within a single day!

Cyprus

coast of Nissi beach in Ayia Napa

Size: 9,251㎢
Capital city: Nicosia
Population: 1.244 million

Cyprus is an island country located in the Eastern Mediterranean.

It is known for its rich history and culture, as well as its 400-mile coastline of long sandy beaches that are renowned for their environmental quality and cleanliness.

Whether you’re looking to explore archaeological sites like the Tombs of Kings in Paphos or just relax on one of Europe’s best beaches, Cyprus has something to offer everyone!

From its stunning landscape to delicious traditional cuisine, Cyprus is a destination that will leave you feeling refreshed and inspired.

Best time to go to Cyprus

One of the best things about Cyprus is the beautiful beaches, which means, the best time to visit is in the summer months!

What to do in Cyprus

Cyprus has long been known for its drinking and party scene, however there is so much more to Cyprus including:

  • Dive at the wreck of the Zenobia
  • Visit Coral Bay, Makronissos Beach and Fig Tree Bay
  • Explore Kato Paphos Archaeological Park
  • Go back in time at the Tombs of the Kings
  • Enjoy Paphos Aphrodite Waterpark

Things you may not know about Cyprus

Did you know that Cyprus is the first country to include the shape of its landmass on its flag?

The white silhouette of the island appears in the center of their flag, surrounded by two olive branches.

Cyprus shares the island with another country – Turkey.

The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, recognized solely by Turkey as a sovereign state, is an unrecognized nation situated in the northern portion of Cyprus. Internationally, it remains recognised as part of Cyprus.

Kosovo

A view over a dome building surrounded by houses in Kosovo

Size: 10,887㎢
Capital city: Pristina
Population: 1.873 million

Kosovo is a small country located in the Balkans, bordered by Serbia, Macedonia, Albania and Montenegro.

It is home to an abundance of botanical specialties and two-fifths of Kosovo are covered with forests filled with oak and pine trees.

The land also serves as a habitat for more than 200 species of birds that live or migrate seasonally to Kosovo.

With its many historic mosques and bustling markets and cafes, Pristina is a vibrant city full of life.

For those looking for outdoor adventure, Brezovica in the mountains offers some of the best ski terrain in all of the Balkan region!

Best time to go to Kosovo

Kosovo is filled with outdoor activities so visiting between Spring and Fall is the best time to visit.

What to do in Kosovo

There are plenty of forests to explore and wildlife to look out for but there are many other activities in Kosovo to keep you busy including:

  • The Rugova Canyon
  • The Marble cave
  • Visoki Dečani Monastery

Things you may not know about Kosovo

Kosovo is home to a number of unique attractions.

For instance, the streets of Pristina, the capital city, have some famous names including George W Bush Street – yes, you read that right!

There’s also an unusual flag which includes a map of the country and two official languages: Albanian and Serbian.

Kosovo also has a young population, with more than 70% of people under the age of 35.

This gives it a unique energy and vibrancy that can be seen firsthand in the cities.

Montenegro

Size: 13,812㎢
Capital city: Podgorica and Cetinje
Population: 619,211

Montenegro is a small yet stunningly beautiful country located in the Balkan region.

It borders Serbia, Kosovo, Croatia, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Boasting an impressive natural landscape coloured by three main shades: blue from its Adriatic Sea coastline, emerald green from its lush forests and iron-grey of its majestic mountains – Montenegro has something to offer everyone!

With 117 beaches along 293 km of coastline and 240 days of sunshine a year, it’s no wonder that Montenegro is becoming an increasingly popular holiday destination for those seeking sun-soaked relaxation or adventure alike.

From pretty fishing villages to world class national parks with ancient forests sprinkled with lakes and rivers rising up to snowy peaks; as well as excellent skiing in areas like Kolašin – there really is something for every type of traveller in Montenegro.

Best time to go to Montenegro

Maximize your experience by journeying to the country between April and October during spring’s end and autumn’s beginning. Avoid summer months when beaches become overwhelmed with tourists, instead consider taking a trip up into the mountains for an alternative adventure.

What to do in Montenegro

Enjoying the beaches and the mountains are popular things to do in Montenegro but you don’t want to miss out on:

  • Visiting the town of Kotor and the Bay of Kotor
  • Exploring Lipa Cave
  • Marvelling at the Blue Grotto
  • Head back to the pirate age at Ulcinj
  • Head to the stunning town of Perast

Things you may not know about Montenegro

The Bay of Kotor is the southernmost fjord in the world and provides stunning views for travelers who make their way here.

Montenegro gets its name from two words meaning “Black Mountain” which describes perfectly some of its dramatic landscapes.

Montenegro have their own set of commandments including one that states “If you have an urge to work sit down and wait – you will see it will pass”.

Finally, St Tryphon Cathedral was originally supposed to be built in Dubrovnik but ended up being constructed in Kotor instead due to political disagreements.

Slovenia

The church on the inlet in the middle of lake bled

Size: 20,273㎢
Capital city: Ljubljana
Population: 2.1 million

Slovenia is a small but beautiful country located in Central Europe. It’s bordered by Austria, Italy, Hungary and Croatia.

With its stunning natural beauty, rich cultural heritage and vibrant cities like Ljubljana – Slovenia offers something for everyone!

From skiing in the alpine mountains to relaxing at Lake Bled or exploring the cobblestone streets of old towns – this country has it all!

Lake Bled, located in the northwest of the country, is one of Slovenia’s most iconic attractions.

This stunning glacial lake is fed by hot springs and surrounded by stunning views including a church-topped islet and a cliffside medieval castle.

The lakeside town of Bled offers activities ranging from swimming, fishing and sailing to mountain hikes, mountain biking and more.

The Slovenian city of Ljubljana, the country’s capital, is known for its distinct blend of baroque architecture and 20th century designs created by native Jože Plečnik.

His iconic Tromostovje (Triple Bridge) gracefully stretches across the curvaceous Ljubljanica River, providing a stunning view to behold.

Best time to go to Slovenia

June to August is the peak season for visiting Slovenia, although it remains relatively secluded compared to other Mediterranean getaways.

During the summer months, Ljubljana flourishes with locals gathering at outdoor cafes and having a variety of gatherings whether in parks or near the Ljubljanica River.

What to do in Slovenia

Lake Bled and its wee church on the island is definitely one fo the most famous things to do in Slovenia but you also want to check out:

  • The capital city; Ljubljana
  • Postojna Cave
  • Franja Partisan Hospital
  • Lipica Stud Farm
  • Triglav National Park

Things you may not know about Slovenia

Slovenia is the 5th most environmentally friendly country in the world according to Yale University’s 2018 Environmental Performance Index.

It also boasts more than 12 thousand underground caves and is the 3rd most forested country in Europe with over 60 percent of its land area covered by forests.

One in four Slovenians are forest owners.

FAQs: Smallest country in Europe

Is the UK the smallest country in Europe?

No, the UK is not the smallest country in Europe. The smallest country in Europe is Vatican City, which has an area of just 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi).

Other small countries include Monaco (1.95 sq km), San Marino (61 sq km), and Liechtenstein (160 sq km).

What is the smallest country in Europe by population?

The smallest country in Europe by population is Vatican City, with a population of approximately 800 people.

Other small countries in terms of population include San Marino (33,562), Monaco (38,682), and Liechtenstein (38,378).

Is Liechtenstein the smallest country in Europe?

No, Liechtenstein is not the smallest country in Europe.

The smallest country in Europe is Vatican City, which has an area of just 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi).

What is the smallest country in Europe home to?

The smallest country in Europe, Vatican City, is home to the Pope and other officials of the Catholic Church.

It also hosts tourists who visit its famous landmarks such as St. Peter’s Basilica and Sistine Chapel.

It is a sovereign state that has no permanent population but relies on resident citizens of Italy for services like public transport and utilities.

What is the largest and smallest country in Europe?

The largest country in Europe is Russia, with an area of 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670 sq mi).

The smallest country in Europe is Vatican City with an area of 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi).

What is the smallest European country by land size in Europe?

The smallest European country by land size is Vatican City, which has an area of 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi).

It is also the smallest country in Europe in terms of population, with a population of approximately 800 people.

Is Belgium the smallest country in Europe?

No, Belgium is not the smallest country in Europe.

The smallest country in Europe is Vatican City, which has an area of just 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi).

What is the sixth smallest country in Europe?

The sixth smallest country in Europe is Andorra, with an area of 468 square kilometres (181 sq mi).

It is located between France and Spain in the Pyrenees mountains. Its population is approximately 77,000 people.

What is the smallest country in central Europe?

The smallest country in central Europe is Liechtenstein, with an area of 160 square kilometres (61 sq mi).

Its population is approximately 38,378 people.

What is the 1 smallest country in Europe?

The smallest country in Europe is Vatican City, with an area of just 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi).

It is also the smallest country in Europe in terms of population, with a population of approximately 800 people.

What is the smallest country in Europe and where is it located?

The smallest country in Europe is Vatican City, located in the middle of the city of Rome in Italy.

It has an area of just 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi) and a population of approximately 800 people.

What is the 4th smallest country in Europe?

The 4th smallest country in Europe is Malta, with an area of 316 square kilometres (122 sq mi).

Its population is approximately 491,559 people.

What is the smallest landlocked country in Europe?

The smallest landlocked country in Europe is Liechtenstein, with an area of 160 square kilometres (61 sq mi).

Its population is approximately 38,378 people. It is located between Switzerland and Austria.

What Is the Smallest Country Outside of the Vatican?

The smallest country outside of the Vatican is Monaco, with an area of 2.02 km2 (0.78 sq mi).

Its population is approximately 39,244 people. It is located on the French Riviera in Western Europe, bordered by France and Italy.

What Is the Largest Country in Europe?

The largest country in Europe is Russia, with an area of 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670 sq mi).

Is the United Kingdom Part of Europe?

Yes, the United Kingdom is part of Europe. It is located in Western Europe and consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

What is the smallest country in the world?

The smallest country in the world is Vatican City, with an area of 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi).

It is located in Rome, Italy and has a population of approximately 800 people.

What is the biggest country in the world?

The biggest country in the world is Russia, with an area of 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670 sq mi).

Wrap Up: What is the smallest Country in Europe?

We’ve explored the smallest countries in Europe, from Vatican City to Monaco and Liechtenstein.

Each country is unique with its own culture, history, and geography.

Whether you’re looking for a small getaway or a big adventure, exploring these tiny European nations can be an exciting experience.

With so many different places to explore within such close proximity of each other, it’s no wonder why Europe continues to draw vast numbers of tourists every year!

So if you’re considering a trip abroad soon, don’t forget about these miniature gems nestled away in the heart of Europe – they are sure to offer something special that will make your journey unforgettable!

Fiona xoxo

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